In 1968, the artist Donald Judd acquired 101 Spring Street, a distinctive five-story cast-iron building at the intersection of Spring and Mercer Streets in New York City. This building, designed by Nicholas Whyte and built in 1870, became not only Judd’s New York residence and studio but also the foundational site for his revolutionary concept of permanent installation. For Judd, 101 Spring Street was more than just a building; it was a crucial element in experiencing and understanding his art.
Judd’s concept of permanent installation, which he first developed and implemented at 101 Spring Street, emphasized the critical relationship between an artwork and its specific location. He believed that the placement of an artwork was as vital to its comprehension as the work itself. This philosophy was realized throughout 101 Spring Street as he meticulously arranged his own works, alongside furniture and decorative objects, creating carefully considered environments. These installations showcased a harmonious balance between respecting the historical character of the landmark cast-iron architecture and embodying Judd’s distinct approach to design and spatial arrangement. Later, this concept would also profoundly influence his expansive project in Marfa, Texas.
The significance of 101 Spring Street extends beyond its artistic importance; it is also a contributing property within the SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District, recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. The artworks within 101 Spring Street remain installed exactly as Judd intended, offering a unique insight into his artistic vision. In his influential 1989 essay titled ‘101 Spring Street,’ Judd articulated the essence of his approach: “I spent a great deal of time placing the art and a great deal designing the renovation in accordance. Everything from the first was intended to be thoroughly considered and to be permanent.” This quote underscores his commitment to permanence and thoughtful integration of art and architecture.
Recognizing the need to preserve the building’s integrity, Donald Judd initiated discussions with engineers and architects in the early 1990s to address the façade of 101 Spring Street. Although a full restoration was financially prohibitive at that time, the Judd Foundation undertook and completed a comprehensive restoration project in May 2013. This meticulous restoration aimed to revive and safeguard the building’s original architectural features, preserve Judd’s design interventions and installations, and, importantly, open 101 Spring Street to the public for the first time. Since its public opening in June 2013, 101 Spring Street has offered visitors an unparalleled opportunity to experience Donald Judd’s artistic principles in their original context, solidifying its place as a landmark of both art and architectural history in SoHo, New York City.
