How Does Sound Work In The Ear? Sound in the ear operates through a complex process, transforming sound waves into electrical signals that your brain interprets as recognizable sounds; streetsounds.net provides resources for understanding and appreciating the nuances of these sounds, especially those found in urban environments. By exploring the mechanics of hearing and the fascinating world of urban acoustics, you can enhance your appreciation for sound and its impact on your daily life.
1. Understanding the Basics: What is Sound?
Sound is created by vibrations that travel as waves through a medium such as air or water. Understanding the nature of sound is fundamental to understanding how we perceive it.
1.1 How Sound Waves Are Formed
Sound waves are formed by vibrating objects. These vibrations create areas of high and low pressure, which propagate outward as a wave. According to research from the University of Salford’s Acoustics Research Centre, sound waves can vary in frequency and amplitude, affecting how we perceive pitch and loudness.
1.2 The Properties of Sound Waves
Sound waves possess several key properties: frequency, amplitude, and wavelength. Frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz), determines the pitch of a sound. Amplitude, measured in decibels (dB), determines the loudness. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs of a wave.
| Property | Description | Measurement | Perception |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Number of vibrations per second | Hertz (Hz) | Pitch |
| Amplitude | Intensity of the sound wave | Decibels (dB) | Loudness |
| Wavelength | Distance between consecutive peaks/troughs | Meters (m) | Affects tone/timbre |
2. The Journey of Sound Through the Ear: An Overview
The human ear is an incredible organ, engineered to capture, process, and transmit sound to the brain. The process can be broken down into several stages, each critical to our ability to hear.
2.1 The Three Main Parts of the Ear
The ear is divided into three main sections: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each part plays a distinct role in the hearing process.
- Outer Ear: Collects sound waves and funnels them toward the eardrum.
- Middle Ear: Amplifies sound vibrations and transmits them to the inner ear.
- Inner Ear: Converts sound vibrations into electrical signals that the brain can interpret.
2.2 A Step-by-Step Look at How We Hear
The hearing process involves several steps:
- Sound waves enter the outer ear.
- The eardrum vibrates.
- The middle ear bones amplify these vibrations.
- The amplified vibrations reach the inner ear’s cochlea.
- Hair cells in the cochlea convert vibrations into electrical signals.
- The auditory nerve transmits these signals to the brain.
3. The Outer Ear: Capturing Sound
The outer ear is the first point of contact for sound waves. Its structure is designed to efficiently capture and direct sound towards the eardrum.
3.1 The Role of the Pinna (Auricle)
The pinna, or auricle, is the visible part of the ear. Its unique shape helps to collect sound waves and funnel them into the ear canal. According to research published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, the pinna also helps with sound localization, enabling us to determine the direction of a sound.
3.2 The Ear Canal (Auditory Canal)
The ear canal is a narrow passageway that leads from the pinna to the eardrum. It is approximately 2.5 centimeters long and lined with skin, hair follicles, and ceruminous glands that produce earwax. The ear canal serves to protect the eardrum and amplify certain frequencies of sound.
3.3 How the Outer Ear Protects the Eardrum
The outer ear provides a protective barrier for the delicate eardrum. Earwax traps dust, dirt, and other particles, preventing them from reaching the eardrum. The length and curvature of the ear canal also offer some protection from physical trauma and sudden changes in air pressure.
Illustration of the outer, middle, and inner ear, highlighting key structures such as the pinna, eardrum, and cochlea, to demonstrate the sound transmission process
4. The Middle Ear: Amplifying Vibrations
The middle ear acts as an amplifier, converting the relatively weak vibrations of the eardrum into stronger vibrations suitable for stimulating the inner ear.
4.1 The Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane)
The eardrum is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that vibrates when sound waves reach it. This vibration is the first mechanical step in the hearing process.
4.2 The Ossicles: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes
The middle ear contains three tiny bones known as the ossicles: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). These bones are the smallest in the human body. They form a mechanical linkage that transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window of the cochlea.
- Malleus: Receives vibrations from the eardrum.
- Incus: Transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes.
- Stapes: Delivers vibrations to the oval window of the cochlea.
4.3 How the Middle Ear Amplifies Sound
The middle ear amplifies sound vibrations through two primary mechanisms: the lever action of the ossicles and the difference in size between the eardrum and the oval window. The ossicles act as levers, increasing the force of the vibrations. Additionally, the eardrum is much larger than the oval window, concentrating the force of the vibrations onto a smaller area. This amplification is crucial for efficient sound transmission to the inner ear.
4.4 The Eustachian Tube: Equalizing Pressure
The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose. Its primary function is to equalize pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment. This pressure equalization is essential for proper eardrum function.
5. The Inner Ear: Converting Vibrations into Signals
The inner ear is where the mechanical vibrations are converted into electrical signals that the brain can interpret. The key structure in this process is the cochlea.
5.1 The Cochlea: A Snail-Shaped Structure
The cochlea is a snail-shaped, fluid-filled structure that houses the sensory cells responsible for hearing. It is divided into three fluid-filled compartments: the scala vestibuli, scala media, and scala tympani.
5.2 The Basilar Membrane and Hair Cells
The basilar membrane is a flexible structure within the cochlea that supports the hair cells, the sensory receptors for hearing. There are two types of hair cells: inner hair cells and outer hair cells.
- Inner Hair Cells: Primarily responsible for transmitting auditory information to the brain.
- Outer Hair Cells: Fine-tune the cochlea’s response to sound, amplifying soft sounds and sharpening frequency discrimination.
5.3 How Hair Cells Convert Vibrations into Electrical Signals
When sound vibrations reach the cochlea, they cause the fluid inside to move, creating a traveling wave along the basilar membrane. This wave bends the stereocilia, tiny hair-like projections on top of the hair cells. Bending the stereocilia opens ion channels, allowing ions to flow into the hair cells and create an electrical signal.
5.4 The Role of the Auditory Nerve
The auditory nerve carries the electrical signals generated by the hair cells to the brainstem. From there, the signals are relayed to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.
6. From Ear to Brain: How Sound is Processed
Once the auditory nerve transmits electrical signals from the ear, the brain takes over, processing these signals to give us our perception of sound.
6.1 The Auditory Pathway
The auditory pathway is the route that auditory information takes from the ear to the brain. This pathway involves several structures:
- Auditory Nerve: Carries signals from the cochlea to the brainstem.
- Cochlear Nucleus: Located in the brainstem, it is the first relay station for auditory information.
- Superior Olivary Complex: Also in the brainstem, it helps with sound localization.
- Inferior Colliculus: Located in the midbrain, it integrates auditory information.
- Medial Geniculate Nucleus: Located in the thalamus, it relays auditory information to the auditory cortex.
- Auditory Cortex: Located in the temporal lobe, it is responsible for the conscious perception of sound.
6.2 How the Brain Interprets Sound
The auditory cortex processes various aspects of sound, including pitch, loudness, and timbre. Different regions of the auditory cortex are specialized for processing different types of sounds, such as speech and music. The brain also integrates auditory information with other sensory information to create a complete perceptual experience.
6.3 The Brain’s Role in Sound Localization
Sound localization is the ability to determine the direction and distance of a sound source. The brain uses several cues to localize sound, including:
- Interaural Time Difference (ITD): The difference in arrival time of a sound at the two ears.
- Interaural Level Difference (ILD): The difference in intensity of a sound at the two ears.
- Head Shadow Effect: The head blocks some sound waves, creating a difference in intensity at the two ears.
- Pinna Effects: The shape of the pinna modifies the sound spectrum, providing additional cues for sound localization.
7. The Science of Sound Perception: Psychoacoustics
Psychoacoustics is the study of how we perceive sound. It explores the relationship between the physical properties of sound and our subjective experience of it.
7.1 What is Psychoacoustics?
Psychoacoustics combines physics, physiology, and psychology to understand how we perceive sound. It examines phenomena such as loudness perception, pitch perception, and auditory masking.
7.2 Loudness Perception and the Decibel Scale
Loudness is our subjective perception of sound intensity. The decibel (dB) scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure sound intensity. A small increase in decibels corresponds to a large increase in perceived loudness. For example, a 10 dB increase is perceived as roughly a doubling of loudness.
7.3 Pitch Perception and Frequency
Pitch is our subjective perception of sound frequency. High-frequency sounds are perceived as high-pitched, while low-frequency sounds are perceived as low-pitched. The human ear can typically detect frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
7.4 Auditory Masking: When Sounds Hide Other Sounds
Auditory masking occurs when one sound makes it difficult to hear another sound. This can happen when the masking sound is louder than the masked sound, or when the two sounds are close in frequency. Masking is an important consideration in audio engineering and sound design.
8. Common Hearing Problems and Disorders
Understanding how hearing works also means being aware of common issues that can affect it. Hearing problems can range from mild to severe and can affect people of all ages.
8.1 Types of Hearing Loss
There are three main types of hearing loss:
- Conductive Hearing Loss: Occurs when sound waves are unable to pass through the outer or middle ear. This can be caused by earwax buildup, middle ear infections, or damage to the ossicles.
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Occurs when there is damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. This is often caused by aging, noise exposure, or genetic factors.
- Mixed Hearing Loss: A combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
8.2 Causes of Hearing Loss
Hearing loss can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Aging: Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss, is a common condition that affects many older adults.
- Noise Exposure: Prolonged exposure to loud noise can damage the hair cells in the inner ear.
- Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to hearing loss.
- Infections: Certain infections, such as measles and mumps, can cause hearing loss.
- Ototoxic Medications: Some medications can damage the inner ear.
- Head Trauma: Head injuries can damage the ear or the auditory nerve.
8.3 Tinnitus: Ringing in the Ears
Tinnitus is the perception of ringing, buzzing, or other sounds in the ears when no external sound is present. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including hearing loss, noise exposure, and certain medical conditions.
8.4 Hyperacusis: Sensitivity to Sound
Hyperacusis is a condition characterized by an increased sensitivity to sound. People with hyperacusis may find everyday sounds uncomfortably loud or even painful.
9. Protecting Your Hearing: Prevention and Care
Protecting your hearing is essential for maintaining good auditory health. Here are some steps you can take to prevent hearing loss and care for your ears.
9.1 The Importance of Hearing Protection
Hearing protection is crucial, especially in noisy environments. Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause irreversible damage to the hair cells in the inner ear.
9.2 When to Use Earplugs or Earmuffs
Earplugs and earmuffs should be used in any situation where you are exposed to loud noise, such as:
- Concerts and music festivals
- Construction sites
- Factories
- Shooting ranges
- Motorcycle riding
- Lawn mowing
9.3 Safe Listening Habits
Practicing safe listening habits can help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. This includes:
- Lowering the volume on personal listening devices.
- Taking breaks from listening to music or other sounds.
- Using noise-canceling headphones in noisy environments.
9.4 Regular Hearing Check-ups
Regular hearing check-ups are important for detecting hearing loss early. If you suspect you have hearing loss, consult an audiologist for a comprehensive hearing evaluation.
10. Street Sounds: Capturing Urban Audio Landscapes
Street sounds are a unique and vibrant part of urban life. Capturing these sounds can be a rewarding experience for sound enthusiasts, artists, and researchers.
10.1 The Allure of Urban Soundscapes
Urban soundscapes are rich and diverse, encompassing a wide range of sounds from traffic and construction to music and human interactions. These sounds reflect the culture and character of a city, offering a unique auditory experience.
10.2 How to Record High-Quality Street Sounds
Recording high-quality street sounds requires careful planning and the right equipment. Here are some tips:
- Choose a quiet location: Select a location with minimal background noise.
- Use a high-quality microphone: A directional microphone can help isolate the sounds you want to capture.
- Monitor your recordings: Use headphones to monitor your recordings and adjust your levels as needed.
- Record in uncompressed formats: Use WAV or AIFF formats to preserve the quality of your recordings.
10.3 Utilizing Streetsounds.net for Authentic Urban Audio
For those looking to elevate their projects with authentic urban audio, streetsounds.net offers a comprehensive library of sound effects, loops, and samples. Whether you’re a music producer, filmmaker, or game designer, streetsounds.net provides the tools and resources you need to bring your creative vision to life. The curated collection ensures that every sound is of the highest quality, allowing you to focus on your craft without compromising on audio fidelity.
10.4 The Ethical Considerations of Recording Public Sounds
When recording street sounds, it’s important to be mindful of privacy and ethical considerations. Avoid recording private conversations without consent and respect the cultural norms of the community you are recording in.
11. The Use of Street Sounds in Music and Art
Street sounds have found their way into various forms of art, adding a layer of authenticity and realism.
11.1 Examples of Street Sounds in Music
Many musicians incorporate street sounds into their compositions to create a sense of place and atmosphere. Examples include:
- Hip-hop artists using samples of traffic noise and sirens in their beats.
- Electronic musicians incorporating field recordings of urban environments into their tracks.
- Classical composers using street sounds to evoke the energy and chaos of city life.
11.2 Street Sounds in Film and Sound Design
In film, street sounds are essential for creating realistic and immersive soundscapes. Sound designers use a variety of techniques to blend street sounds with dialogue and music, enhancing the viewer’s experience.
11.3 How Street Sounds Enhance Storytelling
Street sounds can enhance storytelling by providing context and atmosphere. They can transport the audience to a specific location and time, adding depth and realism to the narrative.
12. The Future of Sound Technology and Hearing
The field of sound technology is constantly evolving, with new innovations aimed at improving hearing and enhancing our auditory experiences.
12.1 Advances in Hearing Aid Technology
Hearing aid technology has advanced significantly in recent years. Modern hearing aids are smaller, more powerful, and more sophisticated than ever before. They feature:
- Digital signal processing: Improves sound quality and reduces background noise.
- Directional microphones: Enhance speech understanding in noisy environments.
- Wireless connectivity: Allows hearing aids to connect to smartphones and other devices.
- Rechargeable batteries: Eliminate the need for disposable batteries.
12.2 Cochlear Implants: Restoring Hearing
Cochlear implants are electronic devices that can restore hearing to people with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. They bypass the damaged parts of the inner ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve.
12.3 The Potential of Gene Therapy for Hearing Loss
Gene therapy holds promise for treating certain types of hearing loss. Researchers are exploring ways to use gene therapy to regenerate damaged hair cells in the inner ear.
12.4 Virtual and Augmented Reality Audio
Virtual and augmented reality technologies are creating new opportunities for immersive audio experiences. These technologies use sophisticated sound processing techniques to create realistic and spatial audio environments.
13. Connecting with the Street Sounds Community
The streetsounds.net community is a vibrant and engaging online hub for sound enthusiasts, artists, and researchers. Connecting with this community can provide valuable insights, inspiration, and collaboration opportunities.
13.1 Joining the Streetsounds.net Online Forum
The streetsounds.net online forum is a great place to connect with other members of the community. You can share your recordings, ask questions, and participate in discussions about all things sound-related.
13.2 Sharing Your Own Street Sound Recordings
Sharing your own street sound recordings can help you get feedback, showcase your work, and contribute to the community’s collective knowledge. Streetsounds.net provides tools and resources for uploading and sharing your recordings.
13.3 Collaborating with Other Sound Artists
Collaborating with other sound artists can lead to exciting new projects and creative breakthroughs. Streetsounds.net provides opportunities to connect with potential collaborators and share your ideas.
14. Exploring the Streetsounds.net Library: A Treasure Trove of Audio
Streetsounds.net offers an extensive library of high-quality sound effects, loops, and samples, all carefully curated to meet the needs of sound enthusiasts, artists, and researchers.
14.1 Navigating the Streetsounds.net Website
The streetsounds.net website is designed to be user-friendly and easy to navigate. You can browse the library by category, search for specific sounds, and preview recordings before downloading.
14.2 Finding the Perfect Sound Effect for Your Project
With its vast collection of sounds, streetsounds.net makes it easy to find the perfect sound effect for your project. Whether you’re looking for the sounds of a bustling city street, a quiet park, or a busy construction site, you’ll find it in the streetsounds.net library.
14.3 Using Loops and Samples in Music Production
Loops and samples are essential tools for music producers. Streetsounds.net offers a wide variety of loops and samples that can be used to create unique and innovative tracks.
15. Enhancing Creativity with Streetsounds.net Resources
Streetsounds.net provides more than just sound effects; it offers a wealth of resources to inspire and enhance your creativity.
15.1 Reading Articles and Interviews on Sound Design
Streetsounds.net publishes articles and interviews with leading sound designers, offering valuable insights into the world of sound. These resources can help you learn new techniques, stay up-to-date on the latest trends, and gain inspiration for your own projects.
15.2 Learning New Techniques from Sound Experts
Streetsounds.net provides tutorials and workshops led by sound experts. These resources can help you learn new techniques for recording, editing, and mixing sound.
15.3 Finding Inspiration for Your Next Audio Project
Streetsounds.net is a great place to find inspiration for your next audio project. By exploring the library, reading articles, and connecting with other members of the community, you can spark new ideas and take your creativity to the next level.
16. Real-World Applications of Understanding Sound
Understanding how sound works is useful in a variety of professional fields, opening doors for experts who understand the science of sound.
16.1 Acoustics in Architecture
Acoustics play a crucial role in architectural design. Architects and acousticians work together to create spaces that are both visually appealing and acoustically sound. This involves considering factors such as sound isolation, reverberation time, and sound diffusion.
16.2 Audio Engineering and Production
Audio engineers and producers use their knowledge of sound to record, mix, and master music and other audio content. They work in recording studios, live venues, and post-production facilities.
16.3 Speech Pathology and Audiology
Speech pathologists and audiologists help people with hearing and communication disorders. They diagnose and treat hearing loss, tinnitus, and other auditory problems.
16.4 Environmental Noise Control
Environmental noise control specialists work to reduce noise pollution in urban and industrial environments. They use a variety of techniques to mitigate noise, such as sound barriers, noise-absorbing materials, and noise regulations.
17. The Cultural Significance of Street Sounds
Street sounds are more than just random noises; they are an integral part of our cultural heritage. They reflect the history, diversity, and character of our cities.
17.1 How Street Sounds Reflect Urban Life
Street sounds reflect the daily life of a city. They tell stories about the people who live and work there, the activities that take place, and the events that shape the urban landscape.
17.2 Preserving Street Sounds for Future Generations
Preserving street sounds is important for future generations. By documenting and archiving these sounds, we can ensure that they are not lost to time. Organizations like the British Library Sound Archive are dedicated to preserving sound recordings of all kinds, including street sounds.
17.3 The Role of Sound in Urban Identity
Sound plays a crucial role in shaping urban identity. Each city has its own unique soundscape, which contributes to its distinctive character.
18. Addressing the Challenges of Urban Noise
Urban noise can be a significant problem, affecting the health and well-being of city dwellers. Addressing this challenge requires a multi-faceted approach.
18.1 The Impact of Noise Pollution on Health
Noise pollution has been linked to a variety of health problems, including:
- Stress and anxiety
- Sleep disturbances
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cognitive impairment
18.2 Strategies for Reducing Urban Noise
There are several strategies for reducing urban noise, including:
- Noise regulations: Implementing and enforcing noise regulations can help reduce noise pollution from construction, traffic, and other sources.
- Traffic management: Improving traffic flow and promoting alternative modes of transportation can reduce traffic noise.
- Sound barriers: Constructing sound barriers along highways and railways can help block noise from reaching nearby communities.
- Noise-absorbing materials: Using noise-absorbing materials in buildings and public spaces can help reduce reverberation and noise levels.
18.3 The Future of Quiet Urban Spaces
Creating quiet urban spaces is essential for promoting health and well-being. This can involve creating parks, gardens, and other green spaces, as well as implementing noise reduction measures in existing public spaces.
19. Streetsounds.net: Your Gateway to Urban Sound Exploration
Streetsounds.net is your ultimate resource for exploring the world of urban sound. Whether you’re a sound enthusiast, artist, researcher, or simply curious about the sounds around you, streetsounds.net has something to offer.
19.1 Exploring the Streetsounds.net Blog
The Streetsounds.net blog is a treasure trove of information, insights, and inspiration. From in-depth articles on sound design techniques to interviews with leading sound artists, the blog covers a wide range of topics related to urban sound.
19.2 Connecting with the Streetsounds.net Newsletter
Stay up-to-date with the latest news, insights, and exclusive content from Streetsounds.net by subscribing to the newsletter. You’ll receive regular updates on new sound releases, upcoming events, and special offers.
19.3 Utilizing Streetsounds.net for Education
Streetsounds.net is an invaluable resource for educators looking to incorporate sound into their curriculum. The library of high-quality sound effects, loops, and samples can be used to enhance learning in a variety of subjects, from music and art to science and history.
20. Conclusion: Appreciating the Sounds Around You
Understanding how sound works in the ear is fundamental to appreciating the rich and diverse world of sounds around us. From the bustling streets of New York to the quiet parks of suburbia, sound shapes our experiences and connects us to our environment.
20.1 The Importance of Sound Awareness
Developing sound awareness can enhance our appreciation for the world around us. By paying attention to the sounds in our environment, we can gain a deeper understanding of the places we inhabit and the people we share them with.
20.2 Embracing the Urban Soundscape
Embracing the urban soundscape can be a rewarding experience. By opening our ears to the sounds of the city, we can discover new sources of inspiration and creativity.
20.3 Encouragement to Explore Streetsounds.net
We encourage you to explore streetsounds.net and discover the wealth of resources it has to offer. Whether you’re a sound enthusiast, artist, researcher, or simply curious about the sounds around you, streetsounds.net has something for everyone.
Explore the streetsounds.net library today and start your sonic adventure. Dive into our extensive collection of high-quality sound effects, loops, and samples to enhance your next project. Engage with fellow enthusiasts on our online forum, and share your own recordings to enrich our community. Whether you’re seeking inspiration or practical tools, streetsounds.net is your premier destination for all things related to urban sound.
FAQ: How Does Sound Work In The Ear?
1. How does the outer ear contribute to hearing?
The outer ear, consisting of the pinna and ear canal, collects sound waves and funnels them towards the eardrum. The unique shape of the pinna also helps in sound localization.
2. What role do the middle ear bones play in hearing?
The middle ear bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) amplify sound vibrations and transmit them from the eardrum to the oval window of the cochlea in the inner ear.
3. How does the cochlea convert sound vibrations into electrical signals?
The cochlea contains hair cells that are sensory receptors for hearing. When sound vibrations cause fluid inside the cochlea to move, the hair cells bend and generate electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve.
4. What is the auditory nerve and what is its function?
The auditory nerve is a cranial nerve that transmits electrical signals from the hair cells in the cochlea to the brainstem, where they are processed and interpreted as sound.
5. What is tinnitus and what are its common causes?
Tinnitus is the perception of ringing, buzzing, or other sounds in the ears when no external sound is present. Common causes include hearing loss, noise exposure, certain medical conditions, and ototoxic medications.
6. How can I protect my hearing from noise-induced hearing loss?
You can protect your hearing by using earplugs or earmuffs in noisy environments, practicing safe listening habits (such as lowering the volume on personal listening devices), and taking breaks from listening to music or other sounds.
7. What is the difference between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss?
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are unable to pass through the outer or middle ear, while sensorineural hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve.
8. How does the brain localize sound?
The brain uses several cues to localize sound, including interaural time difference (ITD), interaural level difference (ILD), the head shadow effect, and pinna effects.
9. What are some common urban sounds and how can they be used in creative projects?
Common urban sounds include traffic noise, sirens, construction sounds, and human interactions. These sounds can be used in music, film, and other creative projects to create a sense of place and atmosphere.
10. Where can I find high-quality urban sound effects for my projects?
You can find high-quality urban sound effects on streetsounds.net, which offers an extensive library of sound effects, loops, and samples for sound enthusiasts, artists, and researchers.
Address: 726 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, United States.
Phone: +1 (212) 998-8550
Website: streetsounds.net.
